Brass Alloys and Their Chemical Compositions

Brass is any alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with zinc. In some cases, copper with tin is considered ​a type of brass, although this metal historically has been called bronze. This is a list of common brass alloys, their chemical compositions, and the uses of the different types of brass. Brass Alloys Alloy Composition and Use Admiralty brass 30% zinc and 1% tin, used to inhibit dezincification Aich's alloy 60.66% copper, 36.58% zinc, 1.02% tin, and 1.74% iron. Corrosion resistance, hardness, and toughness make it useful for marine applications. Alpha brass Less than 35% zinc, malleable, can be worked cold, used in pressing, forging, or similar applications. Alpha brasses have only one phase, with face-centered cubic crystal structure. Prince's metal or Prince Rupert's metal Alpha brass containing 75% copper and 25% zinc. It's named for Prince Rupert of the Rhine and used to imitate gold. Alpha-beta brass, Muntz metal, or duplex brass 35-45% zinc, suited for hot working. It contains both ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ²' phase; the ÃŽ ²'-phase is body-centered cubic and is harder and stronger than ÃŽ ±. Alpha-beta brasses are usually worked hot. Aluminum brass Contains aluminum, which improves its corrosion resistance. It's used for seawater service and in Euro coins (Nordic gold). Arsenical brass Contains arsenic and frequently aluminum and is used for boiler fireboxes Beta brass 45-50% zinc content. It can only be worked hot, produces a hard, strong metal that is suitable for casting. Cartridge brass 30% zinc brass with good cold-working properties; used for ammunition cases Common brass, or rivet brass 37% zinc brass, standard for cold working DZR brass dezincification resistant brass with a small percentage of arsenic Gilding metal 95% copper and 5% zinc, softest type of common brass, used for ammunition jackets High brass 65% copper and 35% zinc, has a high tensile strength and is used for springs, rivets, and screws Leaded brass Alpha-beta brass with an addition of lead, easily machined Lead-free brass As defined by California Assembly Bill AB 1953 contains "not more than 0.25 percent lead content" Low brass Copper-zinc alloy containing 20% zinc; ductile brass used for flexible metal hoses and bellows Manganese brass 70% copper, 29% zinc, and 1.3% manganese, used in making golden dollar coins in the United States Muntz metal 60% copper, 40% zinc, and a trace of iron, used as a lining on boats Naval brass 40% zinc and 1% tin, similar to admiralty brass Nickel brass 70% copper, 24.5% zinc, and 5.5% nickel used to make pound coins in the pound sterling currency Nordic gold 89% copper, 5% aluminium, 5% zinc, and 1% tin, used in 10, 20, and 50 cents in euro coins Red brass American term for the copper-zinc-tin alloy known as gunmetal considered both a brass and a bronze. Red brass usually contains 85% copper, 5% tin, 5% lead, and 5% zinc. Red brass may be copper alloy C23000, which is 14 to 16% zinc, 0.05% iron and lead, and the remainder copper. Red brass also may refer to ounce metal, another copper-zinc-tin alloy. Rich low brass (Tombac) 15% zinc, often used for jewelry Tonval brass (also called CW617N, CZ122, or OT58) copper-lead-zinc alloy White brass Brittle metal containing more than 50% zinc. White brass may also refer to certain nickel silver alloys as well as Cu-Zn-Sn alloys with high proportions (typically 40%+) of tin and/or zinc, as well as predominantly zinc casting alloys with a copper additive. Yellow brass American term for 33% zinc brass

The Big Bang Theory And Evolution - 1612 Words

Creation Theory A young man who is a senior in college has the opportunity of a lifetime to conduct research with professors in Israel on geological fossils for his major in Earth Science. He had never been out of the United States before and only knew what he had been taught: the big bang theory and evolution. Israel is made up of a very strong Jewish community and, as this young man would soon find out, they did not view geological findings through the Big Bang theory, but through the Biblical creation theory. Due to their disagreements he had traveled to a different country only to fail to understand his new professor s teachings The United States of America was founded upon the Christian God but yet teachers are not even allowed to teach about the Biblical creation theory of how Earth was made. They are forced to only teach about the big-bang theory and evolution. What students are being taught today is only a scientific theory and can not be proved, so why not at least teach the theory our nat ion was founded upon to the students. They are only being taught a single side of the story with no option to learn any other theory. There are also many parents who want their children to be exposed to different theories of the Earth’s creation. Without teaching multiple theories, there is no way for children to have an interest sparked in them to investigate into the many theories that are in existence. 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Before one is able to answer this question, one must find out what the scientific facts are, rather than the unproven theories created by Scientists. Some scientists are Christians, who believe in God but also in evolution. There are many differentRead More evolution898 Words   |  4 Pagesreligions and cultures believe the universe was created by a creative hand, either a sky god or some other physical objectquot; (Encarta 1). Think of it, as a trial to see which will win, creation or evolution. It has been the most argued debate in all of history, but creationism is more logical than evolution. To first understand what creation is about, we have to know what creation is. The Bible defines creation as the action by God that brought the universe and all its contents into being. The BibleRead MoreOriginal Creation of Earth1117 Words   |  5 PagesOriginal Creation of the Earth (The Big Bang vs. Six-Day Creation) TANITKA C. SMITH PHSC210_A24_201240 Debora Ladner December 3, 2012 INTRODUCTION The Big-Bang Theory, accepted widely by atheists and many scientists, simply says this: between 10 and 20 billion years ago a â€Å"bang† or explosion occurred from a single point in nothingness and with the scattering of googles of atoms, the earth came into being. An eruption of sorts occurred, haphazardly distributing the smallestRead MoreHow Man Can Invent Life Changing Inventions Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesevery era recorded by man to discuss this topic. The philosophers have had differing and ever-changing ideas about this topic whether it was by the Big Bang or by the Bumba god, or the Christian God. The Big Bang is atheistic, cosmological theory of how the entire universe originated from one enormous quantum fluctuation. The Bumba God is a theistic theory of how an extremely ill god vomited everything into existence. 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Building The Sustainability For Top Shelf Shoes - 852 Words

I wanted to speak with you to address some concerns that I have with your business. I understand that you have hired an outside source to help build the sustainability in Top Shelf shoes and I wanted to let you know of some things that could be changed. There was an effort within Top Shelf Shoes to open and shoe recycling facility to cater to the â€Å"going green† initiative but not taking in to consideration all of the portions of this recycling facility that would need extra attention along with utilizing other resources and in turn causing more use of the financial portion of the business. This is called one-off products, meaning something made or occurring once – independent of any existing pattern. This can sometimes be a good thing and lead to a bigger profit, but in your efforts to increase your profit margin, this was not a great idea. Some of the things that were not taken into consideration was the amount of waste that would be produced, the increased amount of energy that would be needed to run the facility along with wages that would be paid to employees. This caused your idea of a recycling plant to have a negative impact forcing you to turn to layoffs and close down the recycling facility. This was bad in the public eye. It looks as though you are an unstable business and make irrational business decisions. Some of the things that the public was really concerned about was the effects that these products have on the environments and the quality of life producedShow MoreRelatedSustainment of The Mini Cases of the Industry2205 Words   |  9 Pagesmust create a strategic vision for long term sustainability. By adopting sustainable practices, companies can gain a competitive edge, increase their market share, and boost shareholder value. 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Case Background Read MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20768 Words   |  84 Pages†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ © †© Final†©Assignment†© †© Nathan†©Coury†© Christien†©Crynes†© Erin†©Dodds†© Priya†©Nathan†© Jackie†©Smith †© April†©30,†©2010†© Executive†©Summary†© †© Adidas†©has†©been†©around†©since†©1924†©and†©has†©grown†©to†©be†©one†©of†©the†©top†©companies†©in†© providing†©a†©variety†©of†©high†©quality†©products†©to†©consumers†©interested†©in†©sports.†©It†©is†© currently†©the†©number†©two†©brand†©in†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry,†©trailing†©its†©main†© competitor†©Nike.†©Adidas†©has†©a†©strong†©focus†©on†©both†©performance†©and†©style,†©as†©opposed†©to†© Nike’s†©more†©pure†©performance†©emphasisRead MoreAdidas Marketing Plan20779 Words   |  84 Pages†©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ © †© Final†©Assignment†© †© Nathan†©Coury†© Christien†©Crynes†© Erin†©Dodds†© Priya†©Nathan†© Jackie†©Smith †© April†©30,†©2010†© Executive†©Summary†© †© Adidas†©has†©been†©around†©since†©1924†©and†©has†©grown†©to†©be†©one†©of†©the†©top†©companies†©in†© providing†©a†©variety†©of†©high†©quality†©products†©to†©consumers†©interested†©in†©sports.†©It†©is†© currently†©the†©number†©two†©brand†©in†©the†©sporting†©goods†©industry,†©trailing†©its†©main†© competitor†©Nike.†©Adidas†©has†©a†©strong†©focus†©on†©both†©performance†©and†©style,†©as†©opposed†©to†© Nike’s†©more†©pure†©performance†©emphasisRead MoreAdidas Group Is a Global Leader6231 Words   |  25 PagesBased on our strong brands, premium products, extensive global presence and our commitment to innovation and the consumer, we aspire to outperform total market growth (both GDP and sporting goods market) and to grow our bottom line faster than our top line. 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Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreBusiness Plan for Wash Dry and Guard Detailing Essay examples15667 Words   |  63 Pageschoice for home based businesses, which is what Wash Dry and Guard Detailing will be (Internal Revenue Service, 2008). Only a modest initial investment will be necessary to start up the business as sales will be made through public venues such as car shoes and flea markets, and detailing services will be completed at the customer’s residence or workplace. As a result, it will not be necessary to raise significant levels of capital through partners or investors. 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Research Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia

INTRODUCTION By the beginning of 21st century, public health activities over different settings led to growth in healthcare. Improvement in large number of diseases, injuries, infectious diseases, nutrition, sanitation, cancers, dental health have led to significant growth in Australia’s health population since last 30 years. Improvements grew from advances and technology in medicine and surgery, delivery of quality health care services, and also range of public health programs promotion via an organized approach (NHMRC, Dec 1996, p.7). When we talk about developing and implementing population based interventions strategies,†¦show more content†¦Significant funds have been provided by National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for medical research in tobacco diseases. Also, the State, Federal and Territory funding to road safety continues for more than 20 years. Road safety expenses have been more in developed road safety infrastructure. In 1989, the law was passed in which the Federal Legislation banned all forms of tobacco advertisements like signs, billboards etc. Also, in 1987 the Victorian Tobacco Act added a wholesale tax on tobacco products in Victoria to promote good health, prevent diseases, and disabilities. It was later followed by South Australia in 1988, Australian Capital Territory in 1989 and Western Australia in 1991. The most notable traffic law was one in which seat belts became compulsory to be worn in 1970. In Australia, the illegal blood alcohol concentration limit has been set up to 0.05ml/100ml throughout Australia. Laws were introduced in 1976, to enforce proper restraint of children’s/babies in vehicles. In Australia, the ratio of injured persons with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reduced from 44% in 1981 to 30% in 1995 (FORS, 1995, P.17) In the late 1970s, Australia was one of the first nations to run mass reach anti-smoking campaigns (Egger et al, 1983, p.1125-28). Media started playing a significant role in spreading awareness to public with evidence about the dangers of tobacco smoking to health. Now the community knows about the harmful

College Comp Free Essays

What did you learn about yourself as a writer? As a thinker? This term I learned as a writer, that I have to break the writer’s block but Just free writing and getting all my ideas out there and going back to edit my work. As a thinker I learned how to think and us correct punctuation and to also think about what I am writing and does it make sense. This course has been very beneficial to me, and I will continue to use the skills I have retained throughout my college/professional career. We will write a custom essay sample on College Comp or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2)What did you learn about the process of writing? I learned that the process of writing is a Journey. You have to want to embark on the journey to accomplish it and complete the task at hand. Writing a good paper is more than Just throwing words on paper, it critically thinking and executing the process of writing 3)What skills did you develop that might help you in the future? One of the most important skills I have learned is outlining. This has helped me this term to complete my final project. I will use this in future writing classes and in my career when writing. 4)What did you take from the larger conversation with others? I learned for the conversation with my classmates how to give constructive criticism as well take the criticism and make the corrections and ensure the end result is great. 5)How did your feedback from peers and your instructor affect the revision of your blueprint, letter to the editor, and presentation? The feedback that I received from my class mated and professor were so helpful in my Journey through this course. They helped me take out UN-useful text, and gave me ideas of where to add text to give my final project the girth it needs to hold my audience’s attention. How to cite College Comp, Papers

Saint John Bosco Essay Research Paper Example For Students

Saint John Bosco Essay Research Paper John Bosco was born on August 16, 1815, to a poorfarming family in Becchi, a small suburb of Turin,Italy. The child grew to be the Beloved Apostle ofYouth. One of John Boscos earliest recollectionsoccurred at age two. He remembers his mother tellinghim upon his fathers death , You have no fathernow. Although he stated that he could not rememberwhat his father was like , his death must have had aprofound effect on him and perhaps sparked his desireto help troubled boys, many of whom were fatherless. I cannot say that I have suffered the loss of a closefamily member and can only imagine the effect it couldhave on my life. From the time he was a young child, John Bosco seemedto have a clear understanding of Gods ways; and whathe didnt understand was often made clear to him byhis mother Mama Margaret. She seemed to know, evenat an early age, that her son was destined to do goodin the name of God. She taught him by example from anearly age and continued to support him and all hisgood wor ks throughout his life. She eventually joinedhim at he Oratory and became Mother to hundreds ofboys. Her positive influence was felt by all of thoseboys. It was almost as if the Blessed Mother workedthrough her good example and words of wisdom. Mama Margaret warned her son to beware of bad boysyou may meet on your journey through life. and askedhim one day, Why do you go with such bad boys?How many mothers have echoed similar words? Howconfident John Bosco was in the power of his goodexample when he replied, If I am with them they arebetter and do not say bad words. Wouldnt this worldbe a better place if we all had such confidence andfaith in the power our own good example. As a young child, John Bosco had the ability toattract young boys. He went out of his way to studytraveling show folk to learn acrobatic and sleightof hand tricks to entertain the boys who would gatheraround him. After a performance he would discuss asermon from a recent Mass or lead the group in a hymn. If people started to leave he would tell them thatthey couldnt come back and see more tricks unlessthey stayed for the sermon. Of course they remained. At age nine John had a dream that clearly indicatedhis intentions of becoming a priest. Mama Margaretunderstood this dream and set out to educate her sonand prepare him for First Holy Communion. John had aspecial ability to understand and memorize thepriests sermons. He happened to impress one priestwith his retelling of the sermon. This priestarranged for the beginning of Johns education for thepriesthood. His older stepbrother, Anthony, wasjealous of him and often begrudged him his studies byinsisting that he help work on the farm. Even Anthonycould not keep him from his studies. Priests arrangedfor him to be taught while he worked at the farm. Inlife we may encounter people who may be jealous of usand try to stop us from succeeding. Throughout the course of his religious education Johncame in contact with many different people anddifferent work experiences that helped prepare him forhis future work. Living away from home for the firsttime ,he explained the way that he best learned todeal with his new companions. He divided them intothree classes; the good, the indifferent, and the bad. .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .postImageUrl , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:hover , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:visited , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:active { border:0!important; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:active , .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64 .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e5b2d5c812973b000fca75500337f64:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nelson mandela EssayHe avoided the bad as soon as their character wasdiscovered; he was courteous to the indifferent anddealt with them only when necessary. He wasdetermined to make friends with the good. This isprobably the best advice that John Bosco has to offeryoung boys. Although he said that he avoided thebad, I have a feeling that he did not give up onthem too easily. John Bosco continued to have a knack for being able toenter the boys world throughout his life. Afterbeing ordained a priest he continued his boy work. Little by little over the years his Oratoriesmultiplied in various towns, cities, and countries. Many of the boys he taught and sheltered followed inhis footsteps and continued his good works. JohnBosco worked tirelessly for the salvation of all ofhis boys. He felt that losing one of his boys wouldbe like losing a limb, and his heart remains with anywho stray from him. Only when there was danger ofharm coming to the other boys would he agree to expelanyone. John Bosco had tremendous faith. He would oftenplan for the building of a new Oratory withoutsecuring sufficient funding. It seemed that hisprayers were always answered because the money wouldalways somehow become available to him at .the verymoment it was needed. His faith in the generosity ofothers never failed him. It is almost impossible to imagine business beingcarried out in that manner today, yet it is alsoimpossible to imagine the religious community existingwithout that extreme faith in the generosity andgoodness of others. John Bosco experienced a difficult, dangerous timeduring the period of anticlericalism, around 1849. Hesurvived numerous assassination attempts from variousundesirable people who opposed the good he was doingwith the boys. These dangerous times did not preventbrave John Bosco from performing his priestly duties. He seemed to have a guardian angel in both his mother,who always seemed to know when he was in danger, and amysterious dog named Grigio, who always seemed toappear when he was needed. Wouldnt it be great ifeach of us had our very own Grigio to protect us! Itmay be that He already does exist, but we haventtaken notice yet. I have to admit that mothers seemto have this ability to sense when we are about to getinto trouble whether we know it or not. Needless to s ay, John Bosco worked tirelessly for hisboys. A doctor had commented that his body seemedlike that of a much older man. Perhaps that wasbecause John Bosco never refused a request from anyonein need. He gave generously of his time, his energy,and his wisdom. He died on January 31, 1888 and wascanonized in 1934. While reading this book I could not help but recognizethe similarities between John Boscos Oratories andour school. There is clearly a feeling of brotherhoodamong the students at Don Bosco Prep. I remember howwe all laughed during orientation when we were toldabout this feeling of brotherhood, but all of us nowagree that it exists. We are led by the good exampleof our teachers and priests, are made to follow a codeof discipline, and are provided academic and religiousinstruction. It is an atmosphere that guides us inchoosing between right and wrong and hopefully givesus confidence and faith in the power of our own goodexample. The work of Saint John Bosco continues!Words/ Pages : 1,163 / 24

Informative Speech Caffeine Essay Example For Students

Informative Speech Caffeine Essay Specific Purpose A specific purpose of the essay is to provide a wide audience with a set of facts and pieces of evidence related to the central nervous system stimulant of caffeine. The purpose of the paper includes discussing the history of this stimulant, its positive and negative influence on the organism of a human, and the consequences of the excessive consumption of this psychoactive substance that is contained in tea, coffee, chocolate, and other products. Central Idea The central idea of the Informative Speech Caffeine Essay is to discuss the caffeine consumption by people, and especially the consumption of tea and coffee, in order to obtain energy and experience a range of side effects on their health. Thesis Statement The modern society got used to consuming products that contain caffeine almost every day. Therefore, it is important to discuss that this strong stimulant has significant side effects on a human body, influences the way of how the body processes, and may have some negative side effects on a human organism caused by increased caffeine consumption. Introduction A significant majority of people consume such products as tea, coffee, chocolate bars, energy drinks, and other related products regularly. It is not a selected that some of them drink coffee and tea every day or even several times per day in order to obtain more energy, feel less tired, or focus on work projects and perform more efficiently. However, the point is that all these people consume the mentioned products that contain a strong stimulant of the central nervous system which is also known as caffeine. Body Paragraphs It is a well-known fact that caffeine is distinguished as a stimulant which is traditionally obtained from various plants, including their leaves, seeds, and many other parts. It increases attention to details, helps not to fall asleep, and be on alert when it is required. Therefore, people who work hard including drivers, office workers, and others, tend to consume caffeine products like tea and coffee. It is possible to take for example the average office worker who usually has limited time to meet deadlines. Every day, this person usually starts the morning with a cup of tea or coffee, having almost no time for breakfast. Throughout the day, this office worker drinks several cups of tea or coffee in order to get more energy, and complete tasks fast and efficiently. As a result, this person consumes a considerable amount of caffeine every day, causing a significant influence on the body and health. Throughout history, people believed in the positive effects of this stimulant. For sure, it is rich for oxidants and can prevent cancer and other diseases, increases concentration, and allows the human body to feel more energy. However, it is also important to remember that overconsumption of caffeine has a range of negative side effects that are serious enough as they are the reason that causes significant harm to human health in general. The negative side effects of caffeine consumption depend on the amount and frequency of caffeine consumption. Because of the fact that caffeine is a strong stimulator, it increases the heart rate, the frequency of urination, and stimulates the body to produce an increased amount of acids. This is how the body processes are affected gradually. In addition, caffeine increase the levels of dopamine, or, in other words, makes people happy. That is why the consumption of chocolate brings a lot of pleasure and forces people to distinguish products that contain caffeine as tasty. Dopamine makes people addicted to chocolate, coffee, and other related products, forcing them to consume more and more. Thus, dopamine and caffeine are usually bounded together, not allowing the consumers to get rid of their hazardous addiction. What is important, caffeine has the ability to neutralize the hazardous effects of cocaine and other drugs, providing significant help in drug intoxication cases. If a person has a tendency to spend a lot of time at work and consumes many cups of tea or coffee per day, it is a high time to visit a doctor. Because a lot of individuals consume caffeine products over the norm, their body experiences considerable harm. The stimulator causes headaches, increases nervousness, causes insomnia, and even hallucinations. In some cases, caffeine causes depression, stomach diseases, and chronic insomnia. For sure, caffeine is dangerous and causes such effects only in particular cases; nonetheless, it is necessary to remember about them in order to avoid health problems. Â   Conclusion Throughout history, people tended to think that caffeine is a positive stimulator that increases the level of energy and causes positive changes in how the body processes in general. However, it is important to remember that coffee, tea, and some other products contain this stimulator in different amounts and it is necessary to consume them in a limited number.